EQUIVALENCE AND EQUIVALENT EFFECT2

Chapter 4 details attempts that have been made to provide a taxonomy of
the linguistic changes or 'shifts' which occur in translation. The main model
described here is Vinay and Darbelnet's classic taxonomy, but reference is
also made to Catford's linguistic model and van Leuven-Zwart's translation
shift approach from the 1980s

In chapter 4, we discuss taxonomic linguistic
approaches that have attempted to produce a comprehensive model of translation shift analysis. Chapter 7 considers modern descriptive translation
studies; its leading proponent, Gideon Toury, has moved away from
a prescriptive definition of equivalence and, accepting as given that a TT
is 'equivalent' to its ST, insted seeks to identify the web of relations
between the two. Yet, there is still a great deal of practically oriented writing
on translation that continues a prescriptive discussion of equivalence.
Translator training courses also, perhaps inevitably, have this focus: errors
by the trainee translators are often corrected prescriptively according to a
notion of equivalence held by the trainer. For this reason, equivalence is
an issue that will remain central to the practice of translation, even if
translation studies and translation theory has, for the time being at least,
marginalized it.