Why read out loud?
If you come to the Writing Center for a
tutoring session, you will probably hear your tutor say, "We always read
papers out loud—would you like to read yours, or would you like to hear
me read it?" Reading aloud has many benefits that we want to share with
writers. Most people have far more experience listening to and speaking
English than they do reading and editing it on the printed page. When
you read your draft out loud or listen to someone else read it, your
brain gets the information in a new way, and you may notice things that
you didn't see before:
- As listeners, we need the order of ideas in a paper to make sense.
We can't flip back and forth from page to page to try to figure out what
is going on or find information we need. When you hear your paper read
out loud, you may recognize that you need to re-order the information in
it or realize that there are gaps in your explanation.
- Listeners also need transitions to help us get from one main idea to
the next. When you hear your paper, you may recognize places where you
have moved from one topic to another too abruptly.
- We all make errors in our sentences. Sometimes we leave out a word,
mess things up as we copy and paste text, or make a grammatical mistake.
These kinds of errors can be hard to see on the page, but sentences
that contain them are very likely to sound wrong. For native speakers of
English (and some non-native speakers, too), reading out loud is one of
the most powerful proofreading techniques around.
- Sometimes sentences aren't grammatically incorrect, but they are
still awkward in some way—too long, too convoluted, too repetitive.
Problems like these are often easily heard.
- Hearing your paper can also help you get a sense of whether the tone
is right. Does it sound too formal? Too chatty or casual? What kind of
impression will your voice in this paper make on a reader? Sometimes
hearing your words helps you get a more objective sense of the
impression you are creating—listening puts in you in something more like
the position your reader will be in as he/she moves through your text.
What are some strategies for reading out loud?
Reading your paper out loud has a lot of
benefits, but it presents a few challenges, too. One issue is that a lot
depends on how you read. It is very easy to read too quickly or to let
your brain automatically "smooth over" mistakes, fill in missing words,
and make little corrections without you ever becoming consciously aware
that it's happening. If you don't read exactly what is on the printed
page, you won't get an accurate sense of what is in your paper. Here are
some strategies to help you read out loud effectively:
- Try working from a printed copy. This will allow you to make marks
at places where something sounds wrong to you so you can return to them
later.
- Try working from a printed copy. This will allow you to make marks
at places where something sounds wrong to you so you can return to them
later.
- As you read, follow along with your finger, pointing at each word. This can help you stay focused and not skip anything.
- Try to read at a moderate pace.
- If you are proofreading, consider reading your paper out loud one
sentence at a time, starting at the end and working back to the
beginning. This will help you focus on the structure of each sentence,
rather than on the overall flow of your argument.
- Try covering up everything but the section or sentence you are
working on at the moment so you can concentrate on it and not get lost.
One great strategy to try is to ask a
friend to read your paper out loud while you listen. Make sure that your
friend knows to read exactly what is on the printed page. Pay close
attention to places where your friend seems to stumble or get lost—those
may be places where you need to make things clearer for your readers.
As your friend is speaking, you can jot notes on a printed copy of the
paper. You don't have to be in the same room to do this—you could email a
copy of your paper to your friend and ask him/her to call you and read
to you over the phone.
How can your computer help?
You don't necessarily need to recruit a
friend to read to you. There are a number of text to speech software
applications and web-based services that will help you get your computer
to read your paper out loud to you. One advantage of this approach is
that the computer will definitely not cover up any errors for you! You
can also control where it starts and stops, speed it up or slow it down,
and have it re-read the same paragraph as many times as you want.
There are many text-to-speech programs and
services you can try—far more than we can review here. Some are free;
others may have a free trial version but cost between $10 and $80 for
long-term use, or for versions with more features. Here are a few free
ones that seem to be easily available, user friendly, and potentially
effective. If you would like to explore others that may be available now
or created in the future, do a Google search for "text to speech,"
"TTS," or "text reader."
Some differences to keep in mind as you choose the best reader for you:
- Voice quality and selection: how many voices can you choose from, and how natural do they sound?
- Controls: can you determine the speed and
pitch of the speaker, where the reading starts and stops, etc.? Is there
a pause button?
- Can you convert your text file into an mp3 or wav file, download it, and listen to it on your music player?
- Does the software highlight each word as
it is read (which may be especially helpful for non-native English
speakers and students with reading/writing disabilities)?
- How many pages of text or words can be converted to voice at one?
- How quickly does the conversion happen?
- Do you need to copy text and paste it into
a new window, or can the program work directly within an application
(like Word or Powerpoint) and just read the text on your screen?
- Do you have to install any files on your computer to use the system? If so, how big are the files?
- Do you need an active internet connection
to use the program, or can you run it without internet access once it
has been installed?
- Does it work with your operating system (e.g., Mac, or Windows Vista)?
